Indonesia is one of the largest coffee-producing and exporting countries in the world. The majority of Indonesian coffee production is the robusta variety. Indonesia is also famous for having several specialty coffees such as 'coffee Luwak (known as the most expensive coffee in the world) and 'coffee Mandailing'. Concerning agricultural commodities, coffee is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner for Indonesia.

 

Coffee was introduced to the archipelago by the Dutch who initially planted coffee trees around their territory in Batavia but then rapidly expanded coffee production to the Bogor and Sukabumi areas of West Java in the 17th and 18th centuries. Indonesia proved to have an almost ideal climate for coffee production and so plantations were soon established in other areas of Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi as well.

 

Currently, Indonesia's coffee plantations cover a total area of ​​approximately 1.24 million hectares, 933 hectares of robusta plantations, and 307 hectares of arabica plantations. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the number of Indonesian Coffee Production in 2019 amounted to 742 thousand tons. 98.6% of the total production is produced by smallholder coffee plantations (731.6 thousand tons), 0.8% is produced by large state plantations (5.6 thousand tons), 0.6% is produced by large private plantations (4.4 thousand tons). thousand tons).

 

In general, coffee exports and imports are broken down based on the Harmony System (HS) code group, namely:

• ​​HS: 0901111000 Arabica WIB/robusta OIB, not roasted, not decaffeinated,
• ​HS: ​0901119000 Coffee oth than Arabica WIB/robusta OIB, not roasted, not decaffeinated,
• HS: 0901121000 Arabica WIB/ robusta OIB, not roasted, decaffeinated,
• HS: 0901129000​ Coffee oth than Arabica WIB/robusta OIB, not roasted, decaffeinated,
• HS: 0901211000Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated, unground,
• HS: 0901212000 Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated, ground,
• HS: 0901221000Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated, unground,
• HS: 0901222000 Coffee, roasted, decaffeinated, ground,
• HS: 0901901000 Coffee husks and skins, dan
• HS: 0901902000​ Coffee substitutes containing coffee.